![]() The question is therefore what kinds of values and socially normative factors in reality serve to govern research, and what values help justify and legitimise it. This perspective has changed in later times, since it is taken for granted that various values, issues and factors, such as formal arrangements and financial priorities, will influence the research that is undertaken. One key premise was that research could only be valuable when the researchers and their institutions remained neutral with regard to values and were unfettered in their social position. The value of freedom, which has enjoyed a strong position, has been based on trust in the impartiality of research in contentious issues of a political, moral and religious nature. Research shall not be governed by prevailing opinion, but search for true knowledge with no concern for other interests.Īnother key value, which is closely related to the first, emphasises the need for academic freedom. According to the "Galilean imperative" (from Galileo Galilei's formulation from around 1600), research shall investigate everything, reveal all mysteries, penetrate the unknown and provide objective explanations of all phenomena. Traditionally, the search for truth has been the fundamental objective and legitimisation of science. It is an essential requirement for researchers to have fundamental ethical attitudes that permit them to conduct all stages of the research process in an honest and credible manner. While surveys are able to provide a general overview of the matter at hand, qualitative data have the potential to provide more detailed insight into the opinions and experiences of the informants. Moreover, qualitative methods can be used to elaborate on findings from a survey. ![]() In this case, the information in the essays will be quantified and prepared for statistical processing. in the form of essay assignments) while the analysis is undertaken quantitatively. In addition, the data collection may be undertaken qualitatively (e.g. This may imply that a qualitative study is included as a pilot study, or that qualitative data are used as the basis for a subsequent quantitative analysis. Combined designs using "mixed methods" that include qualitative as well as quantitative data are therefore increasingly used (Cresswell 2014:215–240). analysis of variance, factor analysis or regression analysis (Befring 2015:131–160).Įven though quantitative methods are characterised by stringent requirements for structure, the methods also provide room for flexibility and pragmatic adaptation. The variables can thus be expressed in numerical form, and the data material can be described in the form of tables, graphs or statistical measurements such as averages, variances and correlations, and analysed with the aid of e.g. ![]() The data will be linked to specific variables, and standardized methods are applied for data collection (for example in expert assessments, observations, interviews or formal testing). The perspectives and viewpoints presented in the FBIB articles do not necessarily reflect those of The Norwegian National Research Ethics Committees all authors are responsible for their own perspectives. ![]() Its purpose is to help engender reflection and debate, rather than to create an encyclopaedia or provide universally applicable answers. Each article contains additional links to further resources. Taken as a whole, FBIB shall serve as an introduction to key topics in the area of research ethics. It also includes articles on relevant Norwegian laws and international guidelines. This article is a part of The research ethics library, offering 75 specialised articles on topics linked to research ethics, written by a large number of different experts and professionals. About The Researchs Ethics Library (FBIB). ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |